[Reasons for non-participation in a patient survey in the context of prehospital emergency medical care by community emergency paramedics - A retrospective observational study]. / Gründe für die Nichtteilnahme an einer Patientenbefragung im Kontext der prähospitalen Notfallversorgung durch Gemeindenotfallsanitäter - eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie.

BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate whether the new rescue means "community emergency paramedics" (Gemeindenotfallsanitäter [G-NFS]) relieves the emergency medical service (EMS) in the care of low-priority emergencies, the perspective of general practitioners and patients was also surveyed in a written questionnaire as part of an innovation fund project. Recruitment for participation in the study proved to be difficult. The aim of this study is to evaluate why the G-NFS decided against providing information on study participation and what measures would be necessary to include more emergency patients in surveys in the future. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the assignment protocols from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. In addition to patient characteristics, data on treatments, interventions and recommendations to patients as well as reasons for non-participation in the patient survey were collected. RESULTS: 5,395 G-NFS protocols that contained information on non-participation were included in the analysis. The average age of the patients was 62.4 years (SD 22.7), and 50.2% were female. 57.4% of the cases were categorised as non-urgent, and 35.2% of the cases required an additional ambulance to be alerted. 404 (7.5%) patients used the EMS more than once, 1,120 (20.8%) did not have sufficient language skills, 1,012 (18.8%) patients declined study participation, and 2,975 (55.1%) patients were not able to participate according to the G-NFS assessment. Dementia/neurocognitive impairment (35%), acute/emergency situation (26.5%), mental health impairment (10.3%), and substance abuse (6.5%) were given as reasons for non-participation from the G-NFS perspective. DISCUSSION: The results show that more than half of the patients were unable to take part in a written survey for various reasons, even though there was no need for urgent care. This could be due to a high demand for care and the complex consent procedure. In addition, further resources are required to provide needs-based care for these patients in order to relieve the burden on emergency medical care. Over half of the patients were unable to take part in a written survey for various reasons. Further research is needed to determine what consent procedures are appropriate to facilitate patients' study participation.

La evaluación del estrés traumático secundario: estudio comparado en bomberos y paramédicos de los Servicios de Emergencia de Guadalajara, México / Secondary traumatic stress assesment: compared study in firemen and paramedics in emergency services

El estrés traumático secundario, se refiere a un proceso por el cual "un individuo que observa el sufrimiento de otro, experimenta paralelamente las mismas respuestas emocionales a las emociones reales o esperadas de la otra persona", Moreno, Morante, Rodríguez & Garrosa (2004). A partir de esta noción, Moreno, Garrosa, Morante, Rodríguez & Losada (2004b) diseñaron el cuestionario de estrés traumático secundario (CETS). Se presenta un estudio comparado en dos muestras de bomberos y paramédicos con un total de 427 sujetos. Los paramédicos se percibieron con mayor presión social y mayor nivel de comprensibilidad, los bomberos con mayor percepción de sobrecarga laboral, mayor nivel de empatía y consecuencias sociales. Las mujeres se percibieron con mayor presión social en el trabajo y los hombres con mayor sobrecarga laboral y sentido del humor. Se reportan correlaciones entre las sub escalas del CETS, que confirman la relación entre las dimensiones de un modelo procesual desarrollado por Moreno, Morante, Rodríguez & Rodríguez (2008).

The concept of secondary traumatic stress refers to a process whereby "an individual who observes the suffering of another, parallel experience the same emotional responses to actual or anticipated emotions of another person," Moreno, Morante, Rodríguez & Garrosa (2004). Based in this model Moreno, Garrosa, Morante, Rodríguez & Losada (2004b) designed the secondary traumatic stress questionnaire (STSQ). This study presents a comparative study of secondary traumatic stress realized with 427 subjects divided in two samples of firefighters and emergency paramedics. Emergency paramedics perceived more social pressure and a higher level of comprehension, while firefighters had a higher perception of work overload, high level of empathy and social consequences. Gender differences show that women perceived more social pressure at work and men perceived more overload and sense of humor. Correlations between the subscales of STSQ, confirm the relationship between the dimensions of the process model developed by Moreno, Morante, Rodríguez & Rodríguez (2008).

Current duty arrangements and circumstances of emergency medical technicians: findings of an electronic questionnaire survey conducted at the 16th national ambulance-crew symposium.

To assess the working arrangements and effects on the health of medical emergency transport personnel, we conducted an electronic questionnaire survey among participants of the 16th National Ambulance-Crew Symposium in 2008. Answers were obtained from 58 participants (56 males, 2 females): 58 questionnaires were fully completed and suitable for analysis. Of the 58, 47 respondents were emergency medical technicians (including those with additional roles). In the analysis of the responses, we observed a negative correlation between the number of emergency transport dispatches (in 1 day) and total nap time, and between the number of night emergency transports per shift and quality of sleep. These findings suggested that an increase in the number of emergency transports was associated with a decrease in nap time and sleep quality.